Annual Production
An Exponential Trend since 2001
The first graph shows the publications over time, from the first article that appears in Scopus in 1969 -Human Flourishing: On the Scope of Moral Inquiry. Religious Studies, by H. Meynell- to 2021, when the study was performed. Clearly the trend is an exponential curve, that begins to grow slowly, and it is increased more and more from 2001 until the end of the sample. The maximum number of publications is reached in 2021, with 221 items, which means the double of what was achieved just six years before, in 2013, and almost twenty times more of the total number of publications obtained in 2004. Observing the graph by subject area, it can be seen that Social Science first and Arts & Humanities after have the highest ammount of publications. The most of the subject areas follow the exponential curve which characterizes the total academic production increase.
Figure 2.1. The colors represent the different subjects while the size of the points point out the amount of citations by subject and year. The chart is an interactive one and it is an own elaboration using tidyverse package and plotly interactive layout on R programming.
It is worth to highlight that the rise of the use of the concept human flourishing since 2001, coincides with the rise of the positive psychology movement -when Martin Seligman and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, at the APA annual meeting, dedicated a special issue to this question (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000)-. Basically, this movement suggets that is time to look further in the study of the human behauviour, not just observing the traumas, deviations and the rest of mental disorders, that the most of psychological schools have often studied. The expression of positive psychology was used for the first time by Maslow, who in Motivation and Personality (1954) states that it was neccesary a new psychology focussed on the promotion of mental health away of the disease model.
Within the positive psychology movement, the concept of human flourishing will be essential. First of all, because it clearly characterizes a positive action according to which a being is led to its accomplishment. But also for another reason: when something is flourishing the main causes that allow it are internal, it is the very being which feeds its own fulfillment, the most of the times without any external purpose. As it will be seen allong the present study, the concepts that positive psychology uses referring to internal qualities and self fulfillment will constitued a very important and relevant part of the academic production around human flourishing.
This influence of positive psychology in this academic production plotted in the figure 1 also can be observed when looking its division by subject. Certainly, psychology is not the most productive field that uses human flourishing, but it is the one that has more citations. This confirms that although the influence of human flourishing concept goes beyond psychology as discipline, it is the psycological approach the basic reference over it is built the most of the academic productivity.
However, it is also important to note the variety of subject areas that use the concept human flourishing. There is a constant and long use of human flourishing in subject areas like medicine, business, computer science and environmental sciences. Despite of medicine, which is very close to psychology, the other three subject areas are quite unexpected. How a concept born in psychology with a clear orientation to arts and humanities has reached the business, the computer sciences and the environmental science is something that has been already studied by the authors or this site (Cebral-Loureda et al., 2022).
Most Productive Authors
The second graph is about the authors who publish the most in the sample, also over time. In this case, the most productive author has 17 publications, followed by others with 13, 10, 9, 8 until 7 publications within the ten most productive authors of the sample. The visualization also shows that the productivity is higher in the most recent years although, as it should be supposed, the number of citations (the size of the points) is higher in documents before 2017 .
Figure 2.2. Ten most productive authors are plotted against time (there are more than ten because some of them have the same number of publications). The points show the number of citations for author and year. The chart is an own elaboration using tidyverse package and plotly interactive layout on R programming.
Tyler J. VanderWeele
He is the author who has published more in the field, Professor of Epidemiology in the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Director of the Human Flourishing Program and Co-Director of the Initiative on Health, Religion and Spirituality at Harvard University. He appears as main author or co-author in 17 documents treating human flourishing, all of them published between 2017 and 2021: 2 in 2017, 2 in 2018, 3 in 2019 and 10 in 2021. He is very focussed in psychosocial measurements and quantitative approaches in subjects like psychiatric, social epidemiology, the science of happiness or the study of religion and health. His most cited article is On the promotion of human flourishing (VanderWeele, 2017) with 148 citations at the moment of the collection.
Sebastiaan Rothmann
He is the next most productive author, professor at Nort-West University, with 15 articles within the sample. His research about human flourishing is related with the development of the human potential in institutions with multicultural contexts. He often uses approaches based on capabilities in order to generated what he calls positive organizations. His articles expand from 2012 to 2020, also receiving a distributed number of citations, with a mean of 9 citations by article.
Corey Lee M. Keyes
He is another of the most productive authors writing about human flourishing in Scopus database. He is a Professor at Emory College of Arts and Sciences in Georgia in the areas of social psychology and mental health. He has 13 documents in the collected, begining in a very early date, at 2006. Actually, he is one of the main references for the positive psychology movement. His article Promoting and protecting mental health as flourishing: A complementary strategy for improving national mental health (Keyes, 2007) receives 879 citations at the moment of the collection, being the fourth most cited of the whole sample. He is specially focussed in showing how the absence of mental illness does not translate into the presence of mental health, and how to apply these approach in public healthcare systems.
Wenjie Duan
He is a Professor at East China Universtiy of Science and Technology who has been publishing about human flourishing since 2015, with 10 documents detected in the present collection. He is specialized in Non-medical Health Intervention, Sociology of Happiness, Assessment-based Social Work, Positive and Character Education, and eHealth, combining Emic-Etic Approach, and integrating indigenous modification of Chinese cultural characteristics. He is coauthor of the article Psychometric Evaluation of the Simplified Chinese Version of Flourishing Scale (Tang et al., 2016) with 54 citations within the data collected.
Matthew T. Lee
He is the program's Director of Empirical Research of Human Flourishing at Harvard. He treats topics such as benevolent service to others, organizational compassion capability, and the integration of social science and the humanities. He has 9 documents in the collected sample, all of then between 2020 and 2021.
Gregory S. Alexander
He is a professor of Law in the Cornell Law School, with 9 documents within the collection. He writes about propierty and commodity and their relations with dignity and human flourishing. His most cited article is the The social-obligation norm in American property law (2009) with 139 citations. He also has a relevant book written together with Eduardo M. Peñalver, An Introduction to Property Theory (2012), cited 91 times in the database, where they include the Aristotelian human flourishing theory of propierty as an alternative to all the modern models -Lockean, libertarian, utilitarian/law-and-economics, personhood and Kantian-.
Blaine J Fowers
He is professor of the Department of Education and Psychological Studies at Miami University. He uses evolutionary theory in dialogue with Aristotle’s systematic ethics. He claims a better understanding of human ethics assuming the evidence provided by our evolved biological nature. He has 8 articles in the sample, very spaced and distributed since 2003 until 2021.
Louis Tay
He is Professor at the Department of Psychological Sciences of Purdue University. He has 8 documents published within the sample, which go from 2014 to 2021. He researches on Industrial Organizational psychology from a interdisciplinary point of view, combining data science methodologies with wellness programs. He is coauthor of the article The Development and Validation of the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving (CIT) and the Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT): Comprehensive and Brief Inventory of Thriving (Su et al., 2014) obtaining 163 citations within the sample.